荧光偏振免疫分析检测粮食及其制品中的真菌毒素研究进展

及时、快速和准确地检测粮食中真菌毒素的污染,从而对其进行严格、科学的控制和处理是保障中国粮食安全和人民身体健康的重要途径。基于特异性分子识别的均相荧光偏振免疫分析技术（Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay,FPIA）兼具高通量、高速度、高灵敏和易于实现自动化等优点,特别适用于大批量粮食样本的快速筛选。文章综述了近10年来荧光偏振免疫分析检测粮食中真菌毒素的研究进展,并着重讨论了荧光偏振免疫分析的发展方向。     

拟除虫菊酯类农药酶免疫分析方法研究进展

对拟除虫菊酯类单一农药残留和多残留酶免疫分析方法的研究进展进行了综述。在介绍单一农药残留酶免疫分析方法中半抗原分子设计和ELISA方法建立的基础上,指出刚性连接臂是菊酯类农药免疫半抗原分子设计的一般原则,包被原和免疫原采用不同的载体蛋白和不同结构的半抗原有利于菊酯类农药ELISA方法的建立。在介绍菊酯类农药多残留酶免疫分析方法时,剖析了通用免疫半抗原的结构特点,阐述了宽谱特异性抗体的筛选方法,揭示了在菊酯类农药多残留酶免疫分析法中存在竞争半抗原的选择具有盲目性、宽谱特异性抗体对不同农药的特异性差异较大的问题。并对拟除虫菊酯类农药通用免疫半抗原设计及多残留酶免疫分析技术的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

近红外荧光探针在免疫分析中的应用研究进展

近红外荧光探针主要有有机荧光分子、量子点以及稀土配合物和单壁碳纳米管等,具 有较强的信噪比以及组织穿透力。本文主要是以有机荧光分子作为侧重点,分析近红外荧光标 记探针的性质以及相关的性能,并从国内外相关文献的结论和近红外荧光探针的应用出发,探 究免疫分析中近红外荧光探针的应用现状,特别是在临床诊断标准分子免疫中的应用,并展望 了近红外荧光探针对免疫层析法的作用。     

抗独特型抗体在小分子农药、真菌毒素免疫检测中的应用

小分子农药、真菌毒素免疫分析技术的发展,存在难以实现多残留检测、标准品昂贵且不易获得和检测灵敏度受限制等制约因素,而抗独特型抗体技术可以为这些问题的解决提供新的思路。文章阐述了抗独特型抗体的基本原理,该技术在小分子食品污染物免疫分析技术中的应用及优势,国内外在此领域的研究进展,以及该技术存在的制约因素与发展前景。     

生物样本中莱克多巴胺检测方法的研究进展

莱克多巴胺(ractopamine,RAC)是一种常用的β-兴奋剂,近年来,人们发展了许多方法检测其在食用动物中的残留情况,以期达到对其使用的有效监控.作者在介绍RAC基本理化性质和作用机理的基础上,论述了国内外检测生物样本中RAC的分析方法,并对这些方法的优缺点进行了分析,进一步说明无论仪器分析方法还是免疫分析方法都有其固有的特性和优缺点,彼此是无法完全替代的,并在此基础上,对未来RAC分析方法的发展方向进行了展望.     

甘蔗宿根矮化病的TBIA快速检测

利用从澳大利亚引进的RSD标准抗原抗体,研究建立了TBIA快速检测甘蔗宿根矮化病(RSD)的方法。通过对田间采集的样本进行检测,并用I-ELISA检测法验证,结果表明:TBIA能简便、快速、准确、有效的检测出RSD,且检测效率高,适合于田间大批量样品快速检测。该方法为甘蔗宿根矮化病的诊断和防治、脱毒种苗的生产、对外甘蔗品种/材料交换检疫检测提供了技术支撑。     

玉米和花生中黄曲霉素B_1酶联免疫快速分析方法

将黄曲霉素Ｂ１衍生成胺氧乙酸肟,然后分别同牛血清白蛋白和辣根过氧化物酶进行化学交联而制得结合物。前者用来免疫新西兰大白兔,后者用作免疫反应的示踪物。将所得抗体和示踪物在免疫反应中进行浓度优化,开发出了ＡＦＢ１酶联免疫分析直接竞争抑制法。用所建立的方法能够准确、快速地检测玉米和花生中黄曲霉素Ｂ１的含量。ＡＦＢ１在磷酸盐－吐温缓冲液中的最低检测限为０．４ｐｇ／ｍＬ;在玉米和花生中的最低检测限均为４０ｎｇ／ｋｇ。     

磁性化学发光酶免疫法检测猪肉中的磺胺类药物

以磁性微球为固定相,建立了检测猪肉中的磺胺类药物含量的化学发光酶免疫法。此方法为在微孔中加入羊抗兔磁性微球、样品、抗体和酶标抗原反应30min后,清洗磁珠,加入发光液10min后分析测定。通过酶标抗原量、抗体量和反应模式的优化,成功建立了一种高灵敏度的检测猪肉中磺胺类药物的磁性化学发光方法。该方法的检出限为0.26μg/kg,回收率81.21%~97.82%之间,相对标准偏差小于9.48%。     

Snake envenomation in cats and its detection by rapid immunoassay

Objective To determine the usefulness of a snake venom detection kit (SVDK) in the management of envenomed cats.
Design A clinical study.  

Animals

Twenty-two cats were investigated.
Procedure Cats injected subcutaneously with approximately 0.25 or 1.0 lethal dose (LD) of tiger snake venom or 1 or 4 LD of brown snake venom were observed for clinical symptoms of envenomation at intervals over the ensuring 24 to 48 hours(h). Blood and urine samples were taken at regular intervals and assayed in a quantitative laboratory assay for snake venoms. Selected samples were assayed in parallel in a rapid, semi-quantitative SVDK.
Results The studies showed that it was important to estimate the elapsed time from envenomation to presentation. If this time was less than 8 h, blood was the most appropriate sample and a negative result should exclude serious envenomation. If the elapsed time exceeded 8 h, it was essential that urine be sampled. Venom levels in urine were high at 8 h and approached the level of test sensitivity over 24 to 48 h; however by this time clinical signs were obvious in endangered cats.  

Conclusions

Careful use of the SVDK is a valuable aid in the management of a potentially envenomed cat.     

Modification of serological techniques and their evaluation for detection of potato viruses in seed certification related activities

Development of alternative serological techniques to ELISA for detection of potato viruses offers advantages for monitoring virus incidence and for seed potato certification systems. Several trials showed that multiplex tissue print immunoassay (TPIA) and dot blot immunoassay (DBIA) might represent fast, practical, and sensitive alternatives for the detection of: Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus X (PVX) and Potato virus Y (PVY), from green and/or tuber tissues. In TPIA, the specific precipitation patterns in infected tissues of leaf petioles or stem cross sections, observed with each virus, allowed identification of the specific virus or mixed infections in a single multiplex assay. For detection of PVY in green tissues, DBIA was shown to be over 50 times more sensitive than ELISA. TPIA and ELISA from the tuber stem end or from eyes might be used for rapid detection of PVY and PVS in seed potato tubers without prior germination. PVS was evenly distributed in potato tuber tissue, while PVY was localized in the vascular tissue beneath the epidermis, with irregular distribution along the periphery of the potato tuber. For laboratories in developing countries lacking time and facilities for tests based on tuber germination, monitoring for PVS and PVY using TPIA in tuber tissue may be a suitable alternative to ELISA.